LL-37

The only human cathelicidin, a 37-amino acid antimicrobial peptide cleaved from the C-terminus of hCAP-18. Functions as a critical component of innate immunity with direct pathogen-killing activity and potent immunomodulatory effects.

• Directly disrupts microbial cell membranes via amphipathic alpha-helix insertion
• Inhibits bacterial biofilm matrix formation and promotes dispersal
• Activates formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) for immune cell chemotaxis
• Stimulates TLR-mediated immune signaling in macrophages and dendritic cells
• Promotes keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization in wounds

• Active rosacea or psoriasis (LL-37 overexpression implicated)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Known hypersensitivity to cathelicidin peptides
• Active autoimmune skin conditions

Store at 2–8°C (36–46°F) for up to 3 months. For long-term storage, keep at -20°C (-4°F). Once reconstituted, refrigerate and use within 1-2 weeks. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Extensively studied innate immune peptide with over 2,000 published papers. Phase 1 clinical trials conducted for chronic wound healing (OP-145, a derivative). Strong preclinical data for biofilm-associated infections, diabetic wound healing, and adjunct antibiotic therapy. Vitamin D-dependent expression explains some immune benefits of vitamin D supplementation.